Alexandria

Egypt's Mediterranean capital was founded by Alexander the Great and later famed for its lighthouse and library; today it is a breezy seaside city with Greco-Roman layers.

• Bibliotheca Alexandrina – striking modern library and museums
• Citadel of Qaitbay – fort on the site of the ancient lighthouse
• Kom el-Dikka & Roman Amphitheater – urban archaeology park
• Corniche – long waterfront promenade and cafés
• Seafood – try local fish restaurants along the coast

Easy day trip or overnight from Cairo by train or road.